Composite insulators are composed of insulating core rods, umbrella sleeves, and end assemblies. The core rods bear mechanical loads and are protected by polymer umbrella sleeves. The mechanical loads are transmitted to the core rods through end assemblies. Despite these common characteristics, there may still be significant differences in the materials and structural details used by different manufacturers. Some tests are grouped together as "design tests", and only one test is required for insulators with the same design conditions. The appropriate general terms specified in GB/T 22079-2008 apply to various design tests for suspension and tension composite insulators. The impact of time on the electrical and mechanical properties of composite insulators and their components (core rod materials, umbrella sleeves, interfaces, etc.) has been considered in the specified design tests to ensure that the life characteristics of composite insulators meet the requirements under conventional known stress conditions on transmission lines. Appendix A provides an explanation of the principles of damage limits, load coordination, and testing. This standard does not consider the power frequency arc test as one of the product standard tests. Due to the different structures and towers of the transmission network, as well as the design of arc protection devices, there are various experimental parameters and their values. The thermal effect generated by power frequency arc should be considered in the design of end assemblies. The use of appropriately designed power frequency arc protection devices can avoid serious damage to end assemblies caused by the amplitude and duration of short-circuit currents. However, this standard does not exclude the possibility of conducting power frequency arc tests through agreement between the supply and demand parties. GB/T 25084-2010 provides details of AC power frequency arc testing for insulators. Suspension and tension composite insulators typically do not withstand torsion or other non tensile loads, and Appendix B provides guidelines for non standard loads
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