The main components of a structured fuel cell include electrodes, electrolyte membranes, and current collectors. 1. The electrode of an electrode fuel cell is an electrochemical reaction site where fuel undergoes oxidation reaction and oxidant undergoes reduction reaction. The key to its performance lies in the performance of the catalyst, electrode material, and electrode process. The electrode can be mainly divided into two parts, one is the anode and the other is the cathode, with a thickness of generally 200-500mm; The difference between its structure and the flat electrode of a general battery is that the electrode of the fuel cell is a porous structure. Therefore, the main reason for designing a porous structure is that the fuel and oxidant used in the fuel cell are mostly gases (such as oxygen, hydrogen, etc.), and the solubility of gases in the electrolyte is not high. In order to improve the actual working current density of the fuel cell and reduce polarization, porous electrodes have been developed, To increase the surface area of the electrodes involved in the reaction, which is also one of the important key reasons why fuel cells were able to move from the theoretical research stage to the practical stage. At present, the electrodes of high-temperature fuel cells are mainly made of catalytic materials, such as Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) in solid-state oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and nickel oxide electrodes in molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). However, low-temperature fuel cells are mainly composed of a thin layer of catalytic material supported by a gas diffusion layer, For example, platinum electrodes for phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC) and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). [4] 2. The main function of an electrolyte separator is to separate oxidants and reducing agents, and to conduct ions. Therefore, the thinner the electrolyte separator, the better. However, strength also needs to be considered. In terms of current technology, its thickness is generally around tens to hundreds of millimeters; As for materials, there are currently two main directions for development. One is to first use insulation materials such as asbestos (Asbestos) film, silicon carbide SiC film, and lithium aluminate (LiAlO3) film to make porous membranes, and then immerse them in molten lithium - potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, and phosphoric acid to adhere to the membrane pores. The other is to use perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin (such as PEMFC) and YSZ (such as SOFC). 3. The collector, also known as a bipolar plate, has the functions of collecting current, separating oxidants and reducing agents, and guiding reaction gases. The performance of the collector mainly depends on its material characteristics, flow field design, and processing technology