Halogen tungsten lamps are gas-filled incandescent lamps that contain some halogen group elements or halides in the filling gas. In ordinary incandescent lamps, the high temperature of the filament causes tungsten to evaporate, and the evaporated tungsten precipitates on the glass shell, resulting in the phenomenon of the bulb glass shell turning black. In 1959, people invented the halogen tungsten lamp, which eliminated this blackening phenomenon by utilizing the principle of halogen tungsten circulation
Principle
Cycle
The process of halogen tungsten cycle is as follows: under appropriate temperature conditions, tungsten evaporated from the filament reacts with halogen substances in the bubble wall area to form volatile halogen tungsten compounds. Due to the sufficiently high temperature of the bubble wall (250 ℃), the halogen tungsten compound is in a gaseous state, and when the halogen tungsten compound diffuses to the surrounding area of the hotter filament, it differentiates into halogen and tungsten. The released tungsten part returns to the filament, while the halogen continues to participate in the cycling process. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine can all generate tungsten regeneration cycles. The main difference between them is the temperature required for cyclic reactions and the degree of interaction with other substances in the lamp. Various bromine tungsten lamps and iodine tungsten lamps are produced in large quantities, and some lamps also use chlorine as a circulating agent
Luminescence
The luminous principle of all incandescent lamps is achieved by utilizing the principle of object heating and thermal radiation. The simplest incandescent lamp is to conduct enough current to the filament, and when the filament heats up to the incandescent state, it will emit light. However, the lifespan of this type of incandescent lamp is quite short. The reason why the incandescent lamps we see adopt various technologies is to make them have a longer lifespan and more convenient to use: vacuum glass tubes (to reduce the degree of filament oxidation), lamp legs (to make it easier for you to insert the bulb into the lamp holder), inert gas filling (to reduce the degree of filament oxidation at high temperatures), and so on
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