The motor controller is an integrated circuit that controls the motor to operate according to the set direction, speed, angle, and response time through active operation. In electric vehicles, the function of the motor controller is to convert the electrical energy stored in the power battery into the electrical energy required to drive the motor based on commands such as gear position, throttle, and braking, to control the starting operation, forward and backward speed, climbing force, and other driving states of the electric vehicle, or to assist in the braking of the electric vehicle, and to store some of the braking energy in the power battery. It is one of the key components of electric vehicles, and the CNC programmable stepper motor controller can form a complete stepper motor control system with stepper motor driver and stepper motor. It can control three stepper motors to run at different times. The controller uses a computer-based programming language and has various commands such as input, output, and count. It has the characteristics of flexible programming and wide adaptability, and can be widely applied in various control automation fields Type: Motor starter: Small motors can be started by connecting them to the power supply through switches or circuit breakers, while large motors require special switching units called motor starters or motor contactors. When starting, the starter for direct on line (DOL) will directly connect the motor to the power supply. Step-down starter, Y- Δ Switching the starter or soft starter will use a voltage reducing circuit to connect the power to the motor, and then the voltage will gradually rise or rise in segments. A smaller power motor starter is a manually operated switch, while larger motors or applications that require remote control or automatic control typically use magnetic contactors. Medium voltage power supplies (approximately several kilovolts) will use circuit breakers as switching elements. The direct on line (DOL) motor starter will apply all the line voltage to the motor end, which is the simplest motor starter. The starter that starts directly online can also include protective components. Small power online direct start starters are manually operated, while high-power starters use electromechanical contactors (relays) to switch the motor circuit. There are also solid-state electronic online direct start starters. If the high inrush current of the motor starting does not cause excessive voltage drop in the power supply, an online direct starting starter will be used. The maximum motor power that the starter can cooperate with will also be limited by the power supply's ability. For example, some rural power equipment may require motors larger than 10kW to use reduced voltage motor starters. Sometimes, online direct starting is used to start small water pumps, compressors, fans, and conveyor belts. Like a squirrel cage motor, if the motor is started directly online, there will be a high starting current before accelerating to full speed, which is approximately 6 to 7 times the rated current at full load. In order to reduce the inrush current, large motors will use a decelerating motor starter or speed regulating driver to reduce the voltage drop of the power supply during startup. A reversible motor starter can rotate the motor forward or backward. This type of starter will include two sets of online direct starting circuits, each for forward and reverse rotation, and have mechanical or electrical interlocks to prevent both circuits from acting simultaneously. A three-phase motor can be switched between two phases to achieve reverse rotation, while a single-phase AC or DC motor requires other equipment to achieve reverse rotation A step-down starter can use two or more contactors to provide a lower voltage when the motor is started. By using an autotransformer or series inductance, a lower voltage can be input at the terminals during motor startup, reducing the starting torque and inrush current. When the motor speed reaches a certain proportion of the rated speed, the starter automatically switches the motor terminals to normal voltage input. Because autotransformers and series inductors only have heavy starting current flowing during startup, the time may only be a few seconds, so their rated value will be smaller than that under continuous use with the same current. The switching from lower voltage to normal voltage can be done using a time timer or in conjunction with a current sensor, when the current begins to decrease. The Kornd ö rfer autotransformer starter applied for a patent in 1908 Adjustable speed drive (ASD) or variable speed drive (VSD) is a device group that can adjust the working speed of mechanical loads. The speed control driver includes an electric motor, speed controller, or power converter, along with auxiliary equipment or instruments. However, generally speaking, a drive is only used to refer to a controller. Many new speed control drivers can also perform slow starting of electric motors

Intelligent controller Intelligent controller uses a microprocessor to control the power components used in motor control, and can also monitor the load of the motor, matching the torque and load of the motor. The method is to reduce the AC voltage to the motor, while reducing the current and ineffective power. Therefore, if the motor operates under light load conditions for a long time, the above method can measure the degree of improvement in energy efficiency, and the generated heat The noise and vibration also decrease accordingly. Testing items and standards for AC semiconductor motor controllers and starters - Part parameters for AC semiconductor motor controllers and starters - Low voltage switchgear and control equipment - Part 4-2: Contactors and motor starters - AC semiconductor motor controllers and starters (including soft starters) GB/T 14048.6-2016 IEC60947-4-2:2002- All items for AC semiconductor motor controllers and starters Low voltage switchgear and control equipment - Part 4-2: Contactors and motor starters - AC semiconductor motor controllers and starters (including soft starters) "GB/T 14048.6-2016 IEC60947-4-2:2002 Author: Fashion Barbarian https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv18047407/ Source: Bilibili