Integrated circuit is a type of micro electronic device or component. Using a certain process to interconnect the transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and other components required in a circuit, as well as wiring, onto a small or several small semiconductor chips or dielectric substrates, and then encapsulate them in a shell to form a microstructure with the required circuit functions; All of the components have formed a whole in structure, making electronic components a big step towards miniaturization, low power consumption, intelligence, and high reliability. It is represented by the letter "IC" in the circuit. The inventors of integrated circuits are Jack Kirby (integrated circuits based on germanium (Ge)) and Robert Noyes (integrated circuits based on silicon (Si)). The majority of applications in the semiconductor industry today are based on silicon integrated circuits. Integrated Circuit, abbreviated as IC; As the name suggests, it refers to a circuit that integrates a certain number of commonly used electronic components, such as resistors, capacitors, transistors, and the connections between these components, through semiconductor technology, with specific functions. It is a new type of semiconductor device that developed from the late 1950s to the 1960s. It is an electronic device that undergoes semiconductor manufacturing processes such as oxidation, photolithography, diffusion, epitaxy, and aluminum evaporation, integrating the semiconductor, resistor, capacitor, and other components required to form a circuit with certain functions, as well as the connecting wires between them, onto a small piece of silicon wafer, and then welded and packaged in a single shell. Its packaging shell comes in various forms such as round shell, flat, or dual inline. Integrated circuit technology includes chip manufacturing technology and design technology, mainly reflected in the ability of processing equipment, processing technology, packaging testing, batch production, and design innovation. Why do integrated circuits arise? We know that there is a driving force behind any invention, and the driving force often comes from problems. So what were the issues before the emergence of integrated circuits? Let's take a look at the world's first electronic computer, which was born in the United States in 1946. It is a giant object that covers an area of 150 square meters and weighs 30 tons. The circuit inside uses 17468 electronic tubes, 7200 resistors, 10000 capacitors, 500000 wires, and consumes 150 kilowatts of electricity. Obviously, its most intuitive and prominent problem is its large footprint and inability to move; If only these electronic components and wiring could be integrated into a small carrier! We believe that many people have thought about this issue and proposed various ideas. A typical example is Damer, a scientist at the UK Radar Research Institute. At a conference in 1952, he proposed that discrete components in electronic circuits could be concentrated on a single semiconductor chip, and a small piece of chip would form a complete circuit. As a result, the volume of electronic circuits could be greatly reduced and their reliability greatly improved. This was the initial concept of integrated circuits, and the invention of transistors made this idea possible. In 1947, the first transistor was manufactured at Bell Laboratories in the United States. Prior to this, achieving current amplification function could only rely on electronic tubes with large volume, high power consumption, and fragile structure. Transistors have the main functions of electronic tubes and overcome the aforementioned drawbacks of electronic tubes. Therefore, after the invention of transistors, the concept of integrated circuits based on semiconductors quickly emerged, and integrated circuits were quickly invented. Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce respectively invented germanium integrated circuits and silicon integrated circuits between 1958 and 1959